Die Reform der GAP
Die Reform der GAP
Reform of the CAP
TextDer Mansholt-Plan
Memorandum on agricultural reform in the European Economic Community (21 December 1968)
TextOn 21 December 1968, the European Commission submits to the Council a memorandum on agricultural reform. This is the Agriculture 1980 plan, also known as the Mansholt Plan, named after the European Commissioner with special responsibility for agriculture.
Pressekonferenz von Sicco Mansholt: die Festsetzung der Preise für Agrarerzeugnisse (1968)
VideoSicco Mansholt, für Landwirtschaft zuständiges Mitglied der Europäischen Kommission, gibt im Jahr 1968 eine Pressekonferenz, auf der er die Vorschläge der Kommission zur Reform der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik (GAP) und zur Festsetzung der Agrarpreise vorstellt.
Interview mit Hans-August Lücker: die Festlegung der Agrarpreise (Bonn, 15. Mai 2006)
VideoIn diesem Interview spricht Hans-August Lücker, ehemaliger Generalberichterstatter für die Agrarpolitik im Europäischen Parlament, über die Bedeutung des Plans zur Modernisierung der europäischen Landwirtschaft und erklärt den Mechanismus zur Festsetzung der Agrarpreise in der Europäischen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft (EWG).
Interview with Sicco Mansholt, from Corriere della Sera (20 February 1969)
TextOn 20 February 1969, Sicco Mansholt, European Commissioner with special responsibility for agriculture, gives an interview to the Italian daily newspaper Corriere della Sera, on his plan to reform the common agricultural policy (CAP)
The Mansholt Plan (29 April 1970)
BildOn 29 April 1970, Sicco Mansholt, European Commissioner with special responsibility for agriculture, publishes his plans for agricultural reform.
Council of Agriculture Ministers of the Six (15 February 1971)
BildOn 15 February 1971, Sicco Mansholt (left), Vice-President of the European Commission responsible for Agriculture, Michel Cointat (centre), French Agriculture Minister, and Franco Maria Malfatti (right), President of the European Commission, talk in the margins of the Council of Agriculture Ministers of the Six in Brussels.
Letter from Sicco Mansholt to the European Confederation of Agriculture (29 April 1971)
TextOn 29 April 1971, Sicco Mansholt, European Agriculture Commissioner, denounces the attitude of the officers of the European Confederation of Agriculture (ECA) as the crisis involving European farmers unfolds.
Open letter from Sicco Mansholt to the President of the Belgian Farmers’ Union (Brussels, 31 March 1971)
TextOn 31 March 1971, following the demonstrations by European farmers in Brussels, Sicco Mansholt, European Agriculture Commissioner, writes to the President of the Belgian Farmers’ Union and invites him to speak in a public debate about the implications of a reform of the common agricultural policy (CAP).
Letter from Sicco Mansholt to Franco Maria Malfatti (February 1972)
TextIn February 1972, Sicco Mansholt, European Commissioner with special responsibility for agriculture, writes to Franco Maria Malfatti, President of the Commission, and to the other Members of the Commission encouraging them to address in a ‘testament' the most serious current problems.
"Zwei Strategien für das Grüne Europa" in Corriere della Sera (6. März 1972)
TextAm 6. März 1972 steht Alfredo Diana, Präsident des allgemeinen italienischen Landwirtschaftsverbands (Confagricoltura), der italienischen Tageszeitung Corriere della sera zur Reform der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik (GAP) Rede und Antwort.
Council Directive 72/159/CEE (17 April 1972)
TextDespite the unpopularity of some measures included in the Mansholt Plan, the Council of Ministers rally, and on 17 April 1972, adopt a directive on farm modernisation.
Council Directive 72/160/CEE (17 April 1972)
TextDespite the unpopularity of certain measures in the Mansholt Plan, the Council of Ministers actively supports and then adopts, on 17 April 1972, a directive concerning measures to encourage the cessation of farming and the re-allocation of agricultural land for structural improvement.
Council Directive 72/161/CEE (17 April 1972)
TextDespite the unpopularity of certain measures in the Mansholt Plan, the Council of Ministers actively supports and then adopts, on 17 April 1972, a directive concerning the acquisition of occupational skills by persons engaged in agriculture.
Sicco Mansholt
BildOn 17 April 1972, Sicco Mansholt, appointed President of the European Commission one month earlier, defends, before the Council, three socio-structural Directives designed to achieve the modernisation of European farms.
Sicco Mansholt, The Crisis
TextIn 1974, in a published collection of interviews, Sicco Mansholt, former European Commissioner with special responsibility for agriculture, describes the issues and the difficulties associated with his plan for a reform of the common agricultural policy (CAP).
Cartoon by Köhler on the Mansholt Plan (4 October 1975)
Bild‘Working at full stretch. And now, once again, it’s our French colleague’s turn to play us his record.’ On 4 October 1975, the German daily newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung deplores the attitude of the European Agriculture Ministers, who, despite their declarations of intent, are dragging their feet when it comes to implementing a reform of the common agricultural policy (CAP).
Wer ist Sicco Mansholt? (RTL, 8. April 1972)
TonAm 8. April 1972 kommentiert die Pariser RTL-Redaktion das Referendum, in dem die Franzosen am 23. April über die Ratifizierung des Beitrittsvertrages des Vereinigten Königreichs, Irlands, Dänemarks und Norwegens zu den Europäischen Gemeinschaften abstimmen sollen, und fragt nach den Hintergründen der Pläne Sicco Mansholts, Präsident der Europäischen Kommission, die Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik (GAP) umfassend zu reformieren.
Interview mit Hans-August Lücker: Sicco Mansholt (Bonn, 15. Mai 2006)
VideoIn diesem Interview spricht Hans-August Lücker, ehemaliger Generalberichterstatter für die Agrarpolitik im Europäischen Parlament, über die Persönlichkeit und die Arbeitsweise des Europäischen Landwirtschaftskommissars Sicco Mansholt, der im Jahre 1970 einen ehrgeizigen Plan zur Reform der gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik (GAP) verfasst hatte.
Interview mit Paul Collowald (Sanem, 27. Juni 2002) – Auszug: Sicco Mansholt und seine Arbeit in der Kommission
VideoIn diesem Interview schildert der ehemalige Vize-Sprecher der Europäischen Kommission Paul Collowald die Arbeit Sicco Mansholts, des ehemaligen Vizepräsidenten der Kommission, verantwortlich für Landwirtschaft, und späteren Kommissionspräsidenten, in der Europäischen Kommission.
Interview with Georges Rencki: the adoption of the Mansholt Plan (Tervuren, 23 November 2009)
VideoIn this interview, Georges Rencki, Head of Division responsible for the policy to modernise agricultural structures in the Directorate-General for Agriculture (1968–1977), outlines the measures proposed in the Mansholt Plan for the modernisation of agricultural holdings. He explains the consequences of the adoption of the Plan by the Council and emphasises Mansholt’s efforts to inform those working in the agricultural industry.
Interview mit Helmut von Verschuer: die Persönlichkeit von Sicco Mansholt (Paris, 25. Mai 2009)
VideoIn diesem Interview erinnert sich Helmut von Verschuer, ehemaliges Kabinettsmitglied und enger Mitarbeiter Mansholts, an die Persönlichkeit und die Arbeitsmethoden von Sicco Mansholt.
Reaktionen auf den Mansholt-Plan
'Should the Mansholt Plan be scrapped?', from Communauté européenne (February 1969)
TextIn February 1969, the monthly publication Communauté européenne reviews criticism by the agricultural sector of the Mansholt Plan for reform of the common agricultural policy (CAP).
‘Italians, Germans and Dutch want to reduce their contributions to Europe's farm budget' from Le Monde (22 December 1969)
TextOn 22 December 1969, during a meeting between the Foreign, Finance and Agriculture Ministers of the Six in Brussels, the French daily newspaper Le Monde leads with the difficult debates on the establishment of a financing system for the Community budget and calls for a system of own resources.
Reaktionen auf den Mansholt-Plan
Proteste während des Rates „Landwirtschaft“ (15. Februar 1971)
BildAm 15. Februar 1971 verschaffen sich unzufriedene Landwirte Zutritt zum Sitzungssaal des Rates der Landwirtschaftsminister, um ihren Widerstand gegen die Pläne zur Reform der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik (GAP) zu bekunden.
European farmers demonstrate against the Mansholt Plan (15 February 1971)
BildOn 15 February 1971, a number of European farmers opposed to the Mansholt Plan, accompanied by a few cows, interrupt a meeting of the 'Agricultural Affairs' Council being held in Brussels.
'French farmers and the Mansholt Plan', from 30 jours d'Europe (February 1971)
TextIn February 1971, the monthly publication 30 jours d’Europe comments on a survey of French farmers’ opinions of the Mansholt Plan.
Cartoon on the Mansholt Plan (25 March 1971)
Bild‘Dum, dum, dumped — No way through the garbage.’ In March 1971, the discontent in the European farming sector over plans to reform the common agricultural policy (CAP) proposed by Sicco Mansholt, European Commissioner with special responsibility for agriculture, comes to a head.
'Demonstration von Landwirten in Brüssel' von Jean Ferniot (RTL, 24. März 1971)
TonAm 23. März 1971 enden die Demonstrationen europäischer Landwirte in den Straßen Brüssels, mit denen sie gegen die Agrarreformen des Mansholt-Plans protestieren, mit dem Tod eines Demonstranten und mehr als einhundert Verletzten.
Otto von Habsburg über den Mansholt-Plan (Langenlois, 4. Juli 1974)
TonIm Rahmen eines Kolloquiums in Österreich im Jahre 1974 zur wirtschaftlichen und politischen Lage in Europa äußert der Vorsitzende der internationalen Paneuropa-Union Otto von Habsburg-Lothringen scharfe Kritik am Mansholt-Plan und an dessen für die europäische Landwirtschaft fatalen Folgen.
Reaktionen in Frankreich
‘The Mansholt Plan provokes serious opposition' from Le Monde (13 December 1968)
TextOn 13 December 1968, the French daily newspaper Le Monde describes the angry protests provoked by the Mansholt Plan which advocates a root-and-branch reform of agriculture within the European Economic Community (EEC).
'Fear and fury on the farm' from The Guardian (26 November 1969)
TextOn 26 November 1969, commenting on the demonstrations by angry French farmers, the British daily newspaper The Guardian outlines the problems facing the French agricultural industry and which explain the intransigence that the French President, Georges Pompidou, will have to show in connection with the financing of the common agricultural policy (CAP) during the Hague summit on 1 and 2 December.
'The brick and sickle' from Le Monde (25 March 1971)
TextTwo days after the violent demonstration by European farmers on the streets of Brussels, the French daily newspaper Le Monde criticises the philosophy of the Mansholt Plan and considers the way in which the Six manage the agricultural question.
Reaktionen in Deutschland
Stellungnahme des Deutschen Bauernverbandes (Februar 1969)
TextIm Februar 1969 nimmt der Deutsche Bauernverband Stellung zum Memorandum der EG-Kommission zur Reform der Landwirtschaft in der europäischen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft.
Views of the German Ministry of Agriculture on the Mansholt Plan (1969)
TextIn 1969, the German Ministry for Agriculture analyses the implications of the Mansholt Plan and sets out its ideas regarding the establishment of a future common agricultural policy.
Reaktionen in Italien
‘Agricultural prices’ from Il Sole 24 Ore (15 February 1966)
TextOn 15 February 1969, the Italian daily newspaper Il Sole 24 Ore comments on the impact on agricultural prices of the proposed reform of the common agricultural policy (CAP).
Politisches Dokument der italienischen Sektion des Rates der Gemeinden Europas (Mai 1969)
TextIm Mai 1969 kommentiert die italienische Sektion des Rates der Gemeinden Europas das Memorandum zur Reform der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik, das von Sicco Mansholt, dem Europäischen Kommissar für Landwirtschaft, vorgestellt worden war.
'A "No" to utopia' from the Corriere della Sera (25 March 1971)
TextThe day after the violent farmers' demonstration in Brussels, the Italian daily newspaper Corriere della Sera describes the causes of the European rural sector's anger at the Mansholt Plan for Community agricultural reform.
Reaktionen in den Beneluxstaaten
Note from the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture regarding agricultural reform in the European Communities (1969)
TextIn 1969, the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture drafts a note which analyses in detail all the provisions included in the Mansholt Plan for the reform of the common agricultural policy (CAP).
‘Lardinois on the Mansholt Plan’ from Nieuw Europa (November 1969)
TextIn November 1969, the Dutch European Movement’s monthly publication Nieuw Europa comments on the position taken by the Netherlands Minister for Agriculture, Petrus Josephus Lardinois, on the subject of the Mansholt Plan.
Reaktionen in den Beneluxstaaten
‘Mansholt-1970 versus Mansholt-1958' from the Nieuwe Rotterdamse Courant (27 November 1969)
TextOn 27 November 1969, the Dutch daily newspaper Nieuwe Rotterdamse Courant analyses the differences between the 1970 plan for reforming the common agricultural policy (CAP) and the 1958 plan, both devised by Sicco Mansholt.
"Kuhexpedition im EWG-Ministerrat" in De Lëtzeburger Bauer (19. Februar 1971)
TextAm 19. Februar 1971 zeigt sich die Zeitschrift der luxemburgischen Bauernzentrale De Lëtzeburger Bauer beunruhigt über die Verschlechterung der Lage des europäischen Agrarsektors und wird zum Sprachrohr der Bauern.
'Demonstration von Landwirten in Brüssel' von Jean-Charles De Keyser (RTL, 23. März 1971)
TonAm 23. März 1971 bringt die Nachrichtensendung von Radio RTL einen Bericht über die gewalttätigen Demonstrationen europäischer Landwirte in den Straßen Brüssels, mit denen sie gegen den Mansholt-Plan zur Reform der gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik (GAP) protestieren.
Farmers' demonstration (Brussels, 23 March 1971)
BildOn 23 March 1971, European farmers take to the streets in Brussels and demonstrate violently against the Mansholt Plan to reform the common agricultural policy (CAP).
'Farmers' anger boils over in Brussels' from Le Sillon belge (27 March 1971)
TextIn its coverage of the farmers' demonstration, held in Brussels on 23 March 1971, the Belgian farming weekly Le Sillon belge describes the confusion of European farmers over planned reform of the common agricultural policy (CAP).
Radio address given by Rinse Zijlstra (29 March 1971)
TextOn 29 March 1971, Rinse Zijlstra, Chairman of the Dutch Union of Protestant Agricultural Workers and Market Gardeners, expresses concern at the outbreaks of violence that occurred during the agricultural demonstration in Brussels and highlights the efforts made by the European authorities to establish a common agricultural policy.
Position of the Netherlands Agricultural Board (7 April 1971)
TextOn 7 April 1971, the Chairman of the Netherlands Agricultural Board, C.S. Knottnerus, gives his point of view on the need for a reform of the common agricultural policy
Reaktionen in Großbritannien
Der EAGFL
The EAGGF: Guidance Section (Benelux)
BildMap showing the location in Benelux of all projects which received financial aid from the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (Guidance Section) in 1964, 1965 and 1966.
The EAGGF: Guidance Section (Germany)
BildMap showing the location in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) of all projects which received financial aid from the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (Guidance Section) in 1964, 1965 and 1966.
The EAGGF: Guidance Section (France)
BildMap showing the location in France of all projects which received financial aid from the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (Guidance Section) in 1964, 1965 and 1966.
The EAGGF: Guidance Section (northern Italy)
BildMap showing the location in northern Italy of all projects which received financial aid from the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (Guidance Section) in 1964, 1965 and 1966.
The EAGGF: Guidance Section (southern Italy)
BildMap showing the location in southern Italy of all projects which received financial aid from the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (Guidance Section) in 1964, 1965 and 1966.
The EAGGF from 1964 to 1976
TabelleTable showing the amount granted by the 'Guidance' Section of the EAGGF between 1964 and 1976 and the expenditure of the 'Guarantee' Section in 1971, 1973 and 1976.
'EEC Agricultural Fund has run out of money', from Corriere della Sera (11 July 1973)
TextOn 11 July 1973, the Italian daily newspaper Corriere della Sera is concerned at the lack of liquidity in the European Agriculture Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF) which is designed to support agricultural markets and contribute to the development of the rural sector.
Die Überproduktion
Karikatur von Köhler über die Neubelebung des europäischen Aufbauwerks (2. Dezember 1969)
Bild„EWG-Gipfel – „Oben vom Butterberg haben wir eine herrliche Aussicht auf den Zuckerkogel, das Getreidemassiv und ganz in weiter Ferne auf England.‘“ Am 2. Dezember 1969 illustriert der deutsche Karikaturist Hanns Erich Köhler anlässlich des europäischen Gipfeltreffens in Den Haag die zahlreichen Probleme, vor denen die Mitgliedstaaten der EWG stehen: Überproduktion im Rahmen der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik (GAP), Beitritt des Vereinigten Königreichs zur EWG. Trotz der Hindernisse auf dem Weg der Seilschaft ermutigt der französische Staatspräsident Georges Pompidou Bundeskanzler Willy Brandt, den Aufstieg fortzusetzen. Die Neubelebung des europäischen Aufbauwerks Ende 1969 erfolgt auf Initiative des französischen Staatspräsidenten Georges Pompidou, der ein Europäisches Gipfeltreffen im niederländischen Den Haag angeregt hat. Das Ereignis weckt große Hoffnungen in der Öffentlichkeit und bei Spitzenpolitikern der Gemeinschaft, da Pompidou mit dieser Initiative das Leben der Gemeinschaft von den Lähmungserscheinungen befreien möchte, die sich infolge bestimmter radikaler Positionen von General de Gaulle in einigen europäischen Angelegenheiten entwickelt haben.
"Wie die Kardinäle" in Der Spiegel (22. Juli 1974)
TextIn seiner Ausgabe vom 22. Juli 1974 stellt das deutsche Nachrichtenmagazin Der Spiegel die Agrarpolitik der Europäischen Gemeinschaft im Bereich der Rinderzucht in Frage.
'Verschwendung in Europa' von Jean-Charles De Keyser (RTL, 18. April 1975)
TonAm 18. April 1975 spricht der Journalist Jean-Charles De Keyser in seiner täglichen Radiochronik aus Brüssel über das Problem der Überschüsse in der Landwirtschaft innerhalb der Europäischen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft (EWG).
"Billiger Sommer" in Der Spiegel (7. November 1977)
TextObwohl die Europäische Gemeinschaft Überschußproduktionen der europäischen Bauern aufkauft, werden weiterhin große Mengen an Obst und Gemüse vernichtet. Die deutsche Wochenzeitschrift Der Spiegel berichtet.
‘A plague on green Europe', from Le Soir (29 November 1979)
TextOn 29 November 1979, the Belgian daily newspaper Le Soir calls on the Nine to undertake a reform of the common agricultural policy (CAP) as a matter of urgency.
‘The erosion of a butter mountain’, from 30 jours d’Europe
TextIn January 1981, the monthly publication 30 jours d’Europe considers the policy of export subsidies for Community agricultural surpluses.
‘A green Europe which throws away tonnes of food; is that reasonable?', from Le Soir (17 June 1983)
TextOn 17 June 1983, the Belgian daily newspaper Le Soir criticises the operation of the common agricultural policy (CAP) which leads, in particular, to the mass destruction of fruit and vegetable surpluses.
Rede von Ignaz Kiechle über die EG-Agrarüberschüsse (10. Juli 1984)
TextAm 10. Juli 1984 hält der deutsche Landwirtschaftsminister Ignaz Kiechle eine Rede über die Agrarüberschüsse in der Europäischen Gemeinschaft.
European Parliament Resolution on criticism of the destruction of fruit and vegetables by the EC (17 January 1985)
TextOn 17 January 1985, the European Parliament adopts a resolution in which it promotes the common agricultural policy (CAP) and suggests various measures to counter the criticism levelled at the European Community regarding the destruction of fruit and vegetables.
Interview with Georges Rencki: the problem of surplus production (Tervuren, 23 November 2009)
VideoIn this interview, Georges Rencki, Head of Division responsible for the policy to modernise agricultural structures in the Directorate-General for Agriculture (1968–1977), discusses how the Council’s failure to adopt Mansholt’s proposal on reducing farming area and herd size on 24 March 1972 affected agricultural production and the public perception of the CAP.