The pivotal rates
The pivotal rates
Central rates
TextThe pivotal rates
'Fixed central rates in the new Monetary Union' from the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (19 September 1978)
TextOn 19 September 1979, in its coverage of the implementation of the European monetary system (EMS), German daily newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung describes the negotiations of the Nine on the fixing of central rates.
The central parity readjustments
TableTable listing the central parity readjustments made from 1979, the year when the European Monetary System (EMS) came into operation, to the year 1990.